Sentinel-2 cloudless 2024
Nepal's land cover in 2024
The Nepal-adapted U-Net applied to the 2024 Sentinel-2 cloudless annual mosaic (10 m) at 1038 stratified sample sites: forest 49.0%, farmland 7.3%, rangeland 24.5%, built-up 6.3%, bare land 12.1% and water 0.9%.
Nepal in 2024
Show the numbers
| Class | U-Net (%) | 95% interval | Change since 2023 | Reference map (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban land | 6.3 | 5.5–7.1 | +1.4 | 3.6 |
| Agriculture land | 7.3 | 6.4–8.1 | −2.2 | 9.8 |
| Rangeland | 24.5 | 23.1–25.8 | −2.9 | 34.5 |
| Forest land | 49.0 | 47.0–51.0 | +5.8 | 41.3 |
| Water | 0.9 | 0.7–1.1 | −0.2 | 0.5 |
| Barren land | 12.1 | 10.8–13.4 | −1.9 | 10.3 |
Every district in 2024
| District | Province | Forest % | Farmland % | Rangeland % | Built-up % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achham | Sudur Paschim | 51.6 | 11.4 | 25.5 | 9.1 |
| Arghakhanchi | Lumbini | 67.6 | 2.5 | 22.2 | 7.7 |
| Baglung | Gandaki | 77.5 | 0.5 | 18.9 | 3.1 |
| Baitadi | Sudur Paschim | 49.8 | 4.5 | 42.1 | 3.5 |
| Bajhang | Sudur Paschim | 38.6 | 0.7 | 34.4 | 1.0 |
| Bajura | Sudur Paschim | 42.3 | 1.1 | 33.6 | 4.0 |
| Banke | Lumbini | 41.8 | 16.0 | 34.6 | 7.3 |
| Bara | Madhesh | 26.6 | 45.6 | 2.0 | 24.6 |
| Bardiya | Lumbini | 43.3 | 8.9 | 36.7 | 10.7 |
| Bhaktapur | Bagmati | 9.7 | 7.6 | 0.4 | 82.2 |
| Bhojpur | Koshi | 93.6 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 3.4 |
| Chitawan | Bagmati | 68.6 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 10.4 |
| Dadeldhura | Sudur Paschim | 64.7 | 0.1 | 34.3 | 0.7 |
| Dailekh | Karnali | 60.2 | 6.5 | 28.4 | 4.7 |
| Dang | Lumbini | 62.3 | 8.2 | 25.1 | 2.2 |
| Darchula | Sudur Paschim | 47.5 | 1.4 | 38.0 | 1.5 |
| Dhading | Bagmati | 61.3 | 2.6 | 32.0 | 2.4 |
| Dhankuta | Koshi | 79.7 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 14.8 |
| Dhanusa | Madhesh | 26.7 | 44.1 | 8.2 | 20.9 |
| Dolakha | Bagmati | 39.0 | 0.2 | 38.7 | 1.3 |
| Dolpa | Karnali | 12.8 | 1.5 | 41.8 | 0.5 |
| Doti | Sudur Paschim | 74.7 | 2.5 | 17.6 | 5.1 |
| Gorkha | Gandaki | 41.3 | 1.3 | 31.7 | 1.7 |
| Gulmi | Lumbini | 73.8 | 1.6 | 18.7 | 5.9 |
| Humla | Karnali | 23.1 | 0.2 | 27.8 | 0.3 |
| Ilam | Koshi | 86.6 | 3.0 | 5.3 | 5.1 |
| Jajarkot | Karnali | 66.0 | 2.9 | 28.9 | 1.8 |
| Jhapa | Koshi | 44.9 | 22.9 | 4.6 | 25.2 |
| Jumla | Karnali | 39.6 | 7.6 | 45.9 | 2.7 |
| Kailali | Sudur Paschim | 53.1 | 12.9 | 19.5 | 10.5 |
| Kalikot | Karnali | 55.1 | 13.8 | 28.4 | 1.3 |
| Kanchanpur | Sudur Paschim | 38.9 | 26.2 | 16.5 | 17.1 |
| Kapilbastu | Lumbini | 20.5 | 43.1 | 17.6 | 17.3 |
| Kaski | Gandaki | 66.0 | 2.3 | 11.5 | 8.8 |
| Kathmandu | Bagmati | 7.4 | 2.0 | 5.1 | 84.7 |
| Kavrepalanchok | Bagmati | 76.7 | 0.4 | 9.7 | 13.2 |
| Khotang | Koshi | 69.3 | 3.8 | 23.4 | 3.3 |
| Lalitpur | Bagmati | 56.8 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 36.8 |
| Lamjung | Gandaki | 69.3 | 0.8 | 18.9 | 0.5 |
| Mahottari | Madhesh | 46.7 | 32.9 | 5.1 | 12.3 |
| Makwanpur | Bagmati | 74.8 | 2.7 | 10.3 | 11.5 |
| Manang | Gandaki | 6.0 | 0.3 | 24.8 | 1.2 |
| Morang | Koshi | 44.9 | 25.3 | 7.2 | 22.5 |
| Mugu | Karnali | 32.4 | 1.6 | 39.1 | 0.8 |
| Mustang | Gandaki | 3.0 | 0.0 | 45.3 | 0.4 |
| Myagdi | Gandaki | 58.0 | 0.3 | 23.4 | 3.8 |
| Nawalparasi East | Gandaki | 70.7 | 1.1 | 26.1 | 1.0 |
| Nawalparasi West | Lumbini | 44.8 | 36.2 | 3.6 | 12.8 |
| Nuwakot | Bagmati | 46.7 | 11.0 | 12.1 | 29.1 |
| Okhaldhunga | Koshi | 71.5 | 2.5 | 22.1 | 3.0 |
| Palpa | Lumbini | 52.4 | 0.7 | 45.0 | 1.2 |
| Panchthar | Koshi | 84.1 | 0.8 | 10.7 | 3.9 |
| Parbat | Gandaki | 76.1 | 4.8 | 12.4 | 6.5 |
| Parsa | Madhesh | 45.2 | 40.2 | 2.3 | 11.8 |
| Pyuthan | Lumbini | 65.9 | 0.6 | 30.0 | 3.4 |
| Ramechhap | Bagmati | 67.9 | 1.2 | 25.8 | 5.1 |
| Rasuwa | Bagmati | 27.4 | 3.7 | 21.5 | 4.7 |
| Rautahat | Madhesh | 37.8 | 39.4 | 1.8 | 20.9 |
| Rolpa | Lumbini | 66.6 | 2.3 | 26.7 | 3.8 |
| Rukum East | Lumbini | 44.9 | 0.9 | 48.6 | 0.7 |
| Rukum West | Karnali | 72.3 | 0.5 | 24.2 | 1.4 |
| Rupandehi | Lumbini | 22.1 | 47.5 | 9.9 | 19.4 |
| Salyan | Karnali | 43.9 | 0.6 | 53.3 | 2.0 |
| Sankhuwasabha | Koshi | 64.1 | 0.3 | 20.1 | 2.1 |
| Saptari | Madhesh | 35.8 | 34.6 | 2.8 | 24.7 |
| Sarlahi | Madhesh | 8.5 | 55.2 | 2.1 | 30.1 |
| Sindhuli | Bagmati | 78.1 | 4.1 | 11.8 | 1.4 |
| Sindhupalchok | Bagmati | 65.4 | 0.5 | 28.1 | 2.6 |
| Siraha | Madhesh | 29.9 | 38.8 | 14.9 | 13.7 |
| Solukhumbu | Koshi | 41.8 | 0.0 | 24.8 | 0.1 |
| Sunsari | Koshi | 44.0 | 12.6 | 4.8 | 23.8 |
| Surkhet | Karnali | 59.4 | 3.8 | 29.1 | 7.6 |
| Syangja | Gandaki | 61.6 | 3.6 | 23.4 | 10.8 |
| Tanahu | Gandaki | 71.5 | 3.4 | 18.4 | 5.3 |
| Taplejung | Koshi | 46.8 | 0.2 | 19.2 | 0.2 |
| Terhathum | Koshi | 88.6 | 0.0 | 6.5 | 4.9 |
| Udayapur | Koshi | 71.3 | 3.9 | 15.3 | 5.1 |
District estimates rest on 8 or more sample sites each, so their intervals are wide; compare districts with care.
Other years: 2016 · 2018 · 2019 · 2020 · 2021 · 2022 · 2023 · 2025
Source: Nepal-adapted U-Net on EOX Sentinel-2 cloudless 2024 (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data); reference: Impact Observatory/Esri 10 m land cover.