District of Nepal · Lumbini Province
Bardiya District: land cover, map and municipalities
Forest land is the largest land cover in Bardiya District, at 54.3% of its area. Forest covers 54.3% (more than the national 41.4%), farmland 29.8%, rangeland 5.2%, built-up land 8.4%, bare land, rock and snow 0.0% and water 2.3%.
Land cover of Bardiya District
Show the numbers
| Class | Share (%) | 95% interval | Area (km²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urban land | 8.4 | 0.6–16.2 | 168 |
| Agriculture land | 29.8 | 8.5–51.1 | 597 |
| Rangeland | 5.2 | 0.0–10.4 | 103 |
| Forest land | 54.3 | 28.5–80.1 | 1,087 |
| Water | 2.3 | 0.0–5.8 | 46 |
| Barren land | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 |
Latest high-resolution imagery (captured 2011–2026, median 2025-11). Estimated from 14 randomly placed 1.2 km sample windows classified by the Nepal-adapted U-Net; intervals are 95% confidence. How it works.
Bardiya District year by year
Largest changes in the reference map from 2017 to 2025: urban land +3.6 points, agriculture land −2.2 points, rangeland −0.6 points.
Coloured lines: the U-Net on each year's Sentinel-2 cloudless mosaic, with 95% intervals. Grey: the independent 10 m Impact Observatory map at the same sites. Differences of a few points between years can come from how each year's mosaic was processed, and the 2016 and 2018 mosaics are read less reliably (too little built-up land, too much bare land and water); compare from 2019 on.
Municipalities and rural municipalities of Bardiya District
| Local unit | Area (km²) | Forest % | Farmland % | Built-up % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Badhaiyatal | 115 | 14.1 | 71.3 | 11.9 |
| Bansgadhi | 206 | 55.4 | 30.8 | 8.2 |
| Barbardiya | 227 | 44.9 | 42.1 | 7.1 |
| Bardiya | 896 | 84.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Geruwa | 78 | 5.7 | 70.3 | 11.8 |
| Gulariya | 118 | 11.1 | 68.2 | 14.2 |
| Madhuwan | 130 | 39.3 | 44.6 | 8.7 |
| Rajapur | 127 | 4.7 | 75.9 | 13.0 |
| Thakurbaba | 104 | 37.0 | 44.9 | 11.3 |
Local-unit land cover is from the 10 m Impact Observatory map (2025), clipped to each boundary.
Fires in Bardiya District each year
Satellite fire detections (NASA FIRMS, VIIRS S-NPP) inside Bardiya District: about 1,544 a year on average, most in 2019 (2,984).
Questions about Bardiya District
- What is the forest cover of Bardiya District?
- About 54.3% of Bardiya District is forest (95% interval 28.5–80.1%), roughly 1,087 km², according to the Nepal-adapted U-Net applied to 14 sample sites. That ranks 29th of 77 districts.
- How much of Bardiya District is built-up or urban?
- Built-up land covers about 8.4% (168 km²). Bardiya District ranks 23rd of 77 districts for built-up share.
- How big is Bardiya District?
- Bardiya District covers 2,001 km² and has 9 local units (municipalities and rural municipalities).
Source: Nepal-adapted U-Net (Khadka & Pradhan 2026) on Esri and EOX Sentinel-2 cloudless imagery; Impact Observatory/Esri 10 m land cover; boundaries: Survey Department of Nepal via OCHA.