Sentinel-2 cloudless 2022

Nepal's land cover in 2022

The Nepal-adapted U-Net applied to the 2022 Sentinel-2 cloudless annual mosaic (10 m) at 1038 stratified sample sites: forest 45.2%, farmland 9.3%, rangeland 26.5%, built-up 2.9%, bare land 14.7% and water 1.3%.

Nepal in 2022

Urban land 2.9%Agriculture land 9.3%Rangeland 26.5%Forest land 45.2%Water 1.3%Barren land 14.7%

Show the numbers

Nepal land cover 2022
Class	U-Net (%)	95% interval	Change since 2021	Reference map (%)
Urban land	2.9	2.4–3.4	+0.9	3.6
Agriculture land	9.3	8.2–10.3	−2.2	10.2
Rangeland	26.5	25.1–28.0	−1.6	31.1
Forest land	45.2	43.2–47.2	+2.0	42.6
Water	1.3	1.1–1.6	+0.1	0.5
Barren land	14.7	13.3–16.2	+0.8	11.9

Every district in 2022

District	Province	Forest %	Farmland %	Rangeland %	Built-up %
Achham	Sudur Paschim	42.6	2.0	51.7	0.2
Arghakhanchi	Lumbini	80.0	0.2	18.3	1.6
Baglung	Gandaki	82.1	0.6	16.9	0.5
Baitadi	Sudur Paschim	26.8	1.0	72.0	0.1
Bajhang	Sudur Paschim	34.6	0.4	24.2	0.7
Bajura	Sudur Paschim	31.9	0.5	44.1	0.8
Banke	Lumbini	59.2	30.4	5.9	3.8
Bara	Madhesh	28.8	56.4	1.4	11.5
Bardiya	Lumbini	49.3	32.8	11.4	5.6
Bhaktapur	Bagmati	10.1	21.6	0.8	67.4
Bhojpur	Koshi	75.5	0.0	24.5	0.0
Chitawan	Bagmati	63.6	11.3	20.3	4.5
Dadeldhura	Sudur Paschim	74.6	0.4	24.2	0.4
Dailekh	Karnali	46.6	0.3	52.4	0.0
Dang	Lumbini	68.8	12.3	17.0	0.4
Darchula	Sudur Paschim	35.1	2.9	46.4	2.5
Dhading	Bagmati	59.6	3.3	31.2	2.8
Dhankuta	Koshi	57.0	1.6	39.2	1.8
Dhanusa	Madhesh	21.7	52.8	15.4	9.8
Dolakha	Bagmati	36.1	0.1	35.8	0.1
Dolpa	Karnali	8.2	1.2	39.5	0.3
Doti	Sudur Paschim	81.1	0.0	18.5	0.3
Gorkha	Gandaki	36.9	0.4	32.5	0.5
Gulmi	Lumbini	89.5	0.0	10.5	0.0
Humla	Karnali	12.6	0.8	22.9	0.4
Ilam	Koshi	82.7	4.0	11.0	1.8
Jajarkot	Karnali	50.5	4.1	44.1	0.6
Jhapa	Koshi	30.5	50.0	3.0	12.6
Jumla	Karnali	28.2	2.1	59.3	0.3
Kailali	Sudur Paschim	60.3	18.3	12.3	5.6
Kalikot	Karnali	45.5	14.9	39.1	0.1
Kanchanpur	Sudur Paschim	42.0	36.2	14.7	4.8
Kapilbastu	Lumbini	31.4	41.7	11.3	14.0
Kaski	Gandaki	72.4	1.9	9.7	2.4
Kathmandu	Bagmati	6.2	8.5	2.6	82.7
Kavrepalanchok	Bagmati	70.3	2.1	25.0	2.6
Khotang	Koshi	54.9	0.1	44.6	0.0
Lalitpur	Bagmati	48.8	6.1	9.4	34.8
Lamjung	Gandaki	72.4	0.0	14.6	0.1
Mahottari	Madhesh	43.8	36.7	8.0	8.2
Makwanpur	Bagmati	71.5	7.7	13.9	6.5
Manang	Gandaki	2.5	0.2	22.7	0.4
Morang	Koshi	33.2	45.8	6.4	14.4
Mugu	Karnali	25.7	0.9	39.0	0.3
Mustang	Gandaki	3.0	0.7	26.0	0.4
Myagdi	Gandaki	56.7	0.7	23.7	2.9
Nawalparasi East	Gandaki	75.1	2.3	20.6	0.4
Nawalparasi West	Lumbini	45.6	32.6	6.9	10.0
Nuwakot	Bagmati	59.2	9.9	22.0	8.7
Okhaldhunga	Koshi	54.7	0.4	43.7	0.0
Palpa	Lumbini	59.0	0.0	40.1	0.3
Panchthar	Koshi	85.0	0.4	14.5	0.2
Parbat	Gandaki	65.6	0.0	34.2	0.0
Parsa	Madhesh	50.3	40.2	1.3	6.8
Pyuthan	Lumbini	72.5	0.2	26.6	0.7
Ramechhap	Bagmati	54.9	2.5	41.8	0.8
Rasuwa	Bagmati	30.3	2.9	14.7	0.1
Rautahat	Madhesh	44.6	37.4	0.9	17.0
Rolpa	Lumbini	65.9	0.7	32.6	0.5
Rukum East	Lumbini	42.2	4.4	48.1	1.2
Rukum West	Karnali	54.9	0.6	42.7	0.4
Rupandehi	Lumbini	22.7	65.5	5.0	6.1
Salyan	Karnali	59.5	0.4	39.1	1.1
Sankhuwasabha	Koshi	50.3	0.1	33.0	0.8
Saptari	Madhesh	14.3	55.7	10.1	17.3
Sarlahi	Madhesh	23.6	53.4	5.6	11.5
Sindhuli	Bagmati	71.9	2.0	20.3	0.2
Sindhupalchok	Bagmati	58.9	0.6	37.2	0.7
Siraha	Madhesh	27.3	44.4	16.7	8.4
Solukhumbu	Koshi	37.4	0.0	25.6	0.0
Sunsari	Koshi	13.0	46.1	5.0	16.5
Surkhet	Karnali	55.7	6.8	33.8	3.7
Syangja	Gandaki	45.0	0.3	53.7	0.8
Tanahu	Gandaki	58.7	0.0	40.2	0.0
Taplejung	Koshi	43.8	0.0	17.1	0.0
Terhathum	Koshi	77.0	0.4	22.2	0.1
Udayapur	Koshi	54.2	12.1	25.1	2.0

District estimates rest on 8 or more sample sites each, so their intervals are wide; compare districts with care.

Other years: 2016 · 2018 · 2019 · 2020 · 2021 · 2023 · 2024 · 2025

Source: Nepal-adapted U-Net on EOX Sentinel-2 cloudless 2022 (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data); reference: Impact Observatory/Esri 10 m land cover.