District of Nepal · Bagmati Province
Makwanpur District: land cover, map and municipalities
Forest land is the largest land cover in Makwanpur District, at 69.7% of its area. Forest covers 69.7% (more than the national 41.4%), farmland 5.4%, rangeland 14.0%, built-up land 10.4%, bare land, rock and snow 0.3% and water 0.2%.
Land cover of Makwanpur District
Show the numbers
| Class | Share (%) | 95% interval | Area (km²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urban land | 10.4 | 0.0–22.0 | 255 |
| Agriculture land | 5.4 | 0.0–12.0 | 132 |
| Rangeland | 14.0 | 6.5–21.5 | 342 |
| Forest land | 69.7 | 54.8–84.6 | 1,704 |
| Water | 0.2 | 0.0–0.5 | 5 |
| Barren land | 0.3 | 0.0–0.9 | 7 |
Latest high-resolution imagery (captured 2011–2026, median 2025-11). Estimated from 17 randomly placed 1.2 km sample windows classified by the Nepal-adapted U-Net; intervals are 95% confidence. How it works.
Makwanpur District year by year
Largest changes in the reference map from 2017 to 2025: urban land +6.7 points, forest land −6.1 points, agriculture land −1.6 points.
Coloured lines: the U-Net on each year's Sentinel-2 cloudless mosaic, with 95% intervals. Grey: the independent 10 m Impact Observatory map at the same sites. Differences of a few points between years can come from how each year's mosaic was processed, and the 2016 and 2018 mosaics are read less reliably (too little built-up land, too much bare land and water); compare from 2019 on.
Municipalities and rural municipalities of Makwanpur District
| Local unit | Area (km²) | Forest % | Farmland % | Built-up % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagmati | 312 | 76.1 | 9.7 | 0.9 |
| Bakaiya | 394 | 81.7 | 7.3 | 1.0 |
| Bhimphedi | 245 | 78.8 | 0.3 | 2.0 |
| Chitawan | 65 | 95.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Hetauda | 262 | 54.9 | 15.7 | 20.8 |
| Indrasarowar | 97 | 67.7 | 0.5 | 4.4 |
| Kailash | 205 | 78.1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| Makawanpurgadhi | 149 | 68.8 | 2.4 | 4.6 |
| Manahari | 200 | 79.3 | 9.0 | 4.7 |
| Parsa | 98 | 79.4 | 5.5 | 2.1 |
| Raksirang | 227 | 66.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 |
| Thaha | 191 | 70.7 | 2.4 | 11.6 |
Local-unit land cover is from the 10 m Impact Observatory map (2025), clipped to each boundary.
Fires in Makwanpur District each year
Satellite fire detections (NASA FIRMS, VIIRS S-NPP) inside Makwanpur District: about 1,184 a year on average, most in 2016 (2,587).
Questions about Makwanpur District
- What is the forest cover of Makwanpur District?
- About 69.7% of Makwanpur District is forest (95% interval 54.8–84.6%), roughly 1,704 km², according to the Nepal-adapted U-Net applied to 17 sample sites. That ranks 8th of 77 districts.
- How much of Makwanpur District is built-up or urban?
- Built-up land covers about 10.4% (255 km²). Makwanpur District ranks 19th of 77 districts for built-up share.
- How big is Makwanpur District?
- Makwanpur District covers 2,443 km² and has 12 local units (municipalities and rural municipalities).
Source: Nepal-adapted U-Net (Khadka & Pradhan 2026) on Esri and EOX Sentinel-2 cloudless imagery; Impact Observatory/Esri 10 m land cover; boundaries: Survey Department of Nepal via OCHA.